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The observation of nonmonotonic behavior of lifetime, kinetic energy, and size for increasing repulsive interactions provides strong evidence for a phase transition to a ferromagnetic state.
This difference is due the binding of cations at four binding sites on the surface of the protein, which changes its net charge thereby increasing repulsive interactions and urate oxidase solubility.
Cell detachment from microgel coatings may be attributed to increased hydration of the polymer, reducing attractive van der Waals interactions and increasing repulsive osmotic interactions.
Harmonic constraints that forced the overlap residue (on the mobile partner) and the template residue (on the stationary partner) to be superimposed were then enforced, and the structure minimized in several steps with gradually increasing repulsive energy.
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With each polymer molecule contributing six soluble arms to the micelle, in the better solvent (DMA) increased repulsive interactions between the extended polystyrene lead to lower aggregation numbers.
Large ions can compress the electrical double layers surrounding the individual particles that increased charge of the particles and hence increased repulsive interaction between particles.
It was found that any increased repulsive potential resulting from a smaller distance between the charged micelles was relieved by a decrease in the surface charge.
By simulating the aggregation process, it was found that the molecular size increased with increased pH values due to intramolecular electrostatic repulsion, while the size of the aggregates decreased with increased pH because of increased repulsive intermolecular interactions [71].
The elevated pH inhibited the adsorption onto the adsorbents owing to the increased repulsive forces; the Qmax, p-ASA and Qmax, ROX onto FMBO increased to 0.79 and 0.51 mmol g−1 at pH 4.0.
The negative effect of the pressure was attributed by a reflection of the increased repulsive solute solvent interactions, or by effect of the pressure in decreasing the mass transfer parameters.
Specific adsorption of citrate anions onto CaP nanocrystals was shown to result in a strong increase in the negative surface charge of the CaP particles and consequently increased repulsive interparticle forces that were able to overcome attractive van der Waals forces.
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