Exact(2)
Wightman is wary of the state of the soil, as post-war farming methods have depleted it of minerals and microbes while increasing pathogens.
This intriguing hypothesis draws on the now well-established principle that parasites and microbes can affect host behavior to suggest that some religious rituals that have the effect of increasing pathogens transmission might in fact be under the control of the pathogens that are thus transmitted, conferring a selective advantage.
Similar(58)
Additionally, the excessive use of copper-based agrochemicals to control plant diseases frequently leads to environmental contamination, chemical residues in foods, harmful effects on non-target organisms, and increasing pathogen resistance (Bhandari 2014).
Notice that the reproduction number increases with increasing pathogen transmissibility and length of the infectious period −1), and with increasing rate at which individuals leave the protected class.
The results suggest that rainfall and associated runoff may facilitate seasonal disease outbreaks, potentially by reducing host fitness or by increasing pathogen virulence due to higher availability of nutrients and organic matter.
Social disadvantage predisposes to NCDs 36 37 while increasing pathogen exposure and limiting opportunities to implement behavioural strategies that ameliorate risk.
Within exposed newts, both the amount of mass lost and probability of entering t-phase increased as a function of increasing pathogen load clearance.
When there is genetic variation for tolerance, heritability for host performance (e.g., growth, reproduction, or fitness) can potentially change across increasing pathogen burden (Kause 2011).
Increasing pathogen densities over time in perennial cropping systems has been well documented and may play a part in reduced productivity over the lifespan of an apple orchard.
Exposure to 2 and 10 μg/L arsenic suppressed innate immune response in a zebrafish model, increasing pathogen load and reducing respiratory burst activity (Nayak et al. 2007).
Firstly, using random regressions, tolerance can be analyzed as a reaction norm slope in which host performance (y-axis) is regressed against an increasing pathogen burden (x-axis).
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