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Figure 2 shows clearly how well the increasing item difficulty represents the modeled hierarchy in the difficulty levels.
For example, test takers may experience either increasing item difficulty at the end of the test due to fatigue or decreasing item difficulty due to test-wiseness as they become more familiar with the content (Hohensinn et al. 2008).
Logits of greater magnitude represent increasing item severity.
To assist in this procedure the logit values of the item difficulties were ordered according to increasing item difficulty.
A 1.1% point increase might not seem a lot at first glance but with increasing item size the effect becomes noticeable.
By increasing item discrimination, EMQs offer comparable levels of reproducibility with 30% fewer items than the MCQ with five options [ 9].
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Increased item difficulty may also be due to more and more rapid guessing towards the end of a timed test (Schnipke and Scrams 1997).
In an effort to approach the novel status of a 0% ceiling effect, Haley et al. increased item difficult.
FIM items were linearized utilizing Rasch scaling procedures in order to increase item variability and ensure item quality, stability, and reliability [ 23, 24].
Electronic surveys may facilitate efficient data collection, improve the convenience of questionnaire completion [ 13, 23], and increase item responses [ 23, 24].
A review of numerous studies concluded that reducing items from four options to three options decreases item difficulty (.04), increases item discrimination (.03), and also increases reliability (.02) [ 29].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com