An important contributing factor to the future success of lineages in our simulations is extensive hitchhiking to higher copy numbers of genes that are adjacent to the primary targets of dosage increasing duplications on the genome.
Recently, it was shown that gene duplicability may be associated with gene and protein complexity [12], [13], [14]; however, from these earlier studies one cannot discern whether the fixation of gene duplicate(s) is due to incidences of increased duplication or preferential retention.
We observed a small second peak that deviates from the exponential decay in most Phytophthora genomes, therefore indicating a slightly increased duplication frequency before the radiation of Phytophthora.
As shown in Figure 2, in all cases we observed that P E increases from a low value in young duplicates with the increasing of duplication ages; this P E -age (t) correlation is statistically significant (P < 10−4, χ-test).
The presence of only a single site of hybridization suggests that the increased copy number is likely to be due to increased tandem duplications of the wAnaITG regions.
An increase in duplication of drug classes was observed, in particular duplicate opioids.
In an emailed statement, SeaWorld said the layoffs are part of a restructuring program "focused on reducing costs, increasing efficiencies, reducing duplication of functions and improving the company's operations through proven benchmarks.
First, the amount of repetitive DNA or large scale genomic duplication in the genome being sequenced is a potential concern, with high levels of recent duplication increasing the chances of mistakenly clustering paralogous sequences with alleles at a locus.
Poor communication may result in delayed diagnosis, inadequate follow-up, erosion of patient confidence and increased costs through duplication of services [ 1].
It is assumed that the population has recently undergone a whole genome duplication, increasing the number of genes in each individual from N to 2 N, while maintaining the same number (N) of protein products as before the duplication.
