Alongside injury, depression, anxiety, suicide and death, the less-recognised consequences include increased communicable and non-communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS, heart disease and hypertension.
Increased communicable disease incidence after flooding and cyclones has been particularly well described (5, 6 ).
There is little data regarding the quality and content of guidelines in Southern Africa, a region facing serious health issues including poorly contained communicable diseases, increasing non-communicable diseases and under-resourced, often poorly managed health systems.
Many developing countries are already facing or will soon face health crises arising from the increasing incidence of communicable and non-communicable diseases.
The need for health researchers will increase in the future context of increasing burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases in the developing countries [ 14].
By comparison with a previous study [ 20], there appears a higher occurrence of non communicable disease, indicating the increasing double burden of communicable and non communicable diseases.
We have many lessons to learn from the increasing number of communicable diseases associated with transportation and travel.
In addition, the increasing burden of communicable diseases in old ages augments the number of total deaths.
23 Moreover, Tran and his colleague 7 reported that the Middle East and North Africa region faces a double burden of the disease due to decreasing rates of communicable diseases and increasing rates of non-communicable diseases.
In low-income countries, the resources of both the general population and healthcare sector are often scarce, diagnostic tools are costly or not available, and the population may suffer the double burden of disease with high prevalences of communicable diseases and increasing prevalences of non-communicable diseases.
