But they have also increased asset values, massively in share markets and unevenly but, on balance, substantially in property values.
Family businesses generally seek to increase asset values, or wealth, he said, while keeping profits as low as possible to keep taxes down.
These increased asset values should support higher stock prices.
LEED's buildings lower operating costs, increase asset value, reduce waste sent to landfills, conserve energy and water, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and they are healthier and safer for people.
St. Martins, which apart from the Willis building is also investing in three other developments in the City, seeks to spend about £300 million each on up to four projects every year as Kuwait plans to increase the asset value of the fund to £9 billion from £3 billion over the next five years.
Even if households decided not to increase consumption but instead re-balanced their portfolios by using their extra cash to acquire real and financial assets, the resulting increase in asset values would lower the cost of capital and improve the balance sheet positions of potential borrowers.
But even in this instance, the vast increase in asset values cheap money brings has helped make richer and invariably older homeowners and shareholders richer still.
Measured by the increase in asset values over the past five years, the global housing boom is the biggest financial bubble in history (see article).
The huge increase in asset values didn't just sit in household and corporate balance sheets as a passive "feel good" factor.
The first one is the direct effect of a rise in F on z(F), which increases (decreases) both asset values when (z^{prime }(F >0) ((z^{prime }(F le 0)).
