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The Al2O3 bio-ceramic (alumina) increases fracture toughness and wear resistance, while maintaining biocompatibility due to its inert nature.
The surface pre-treatment with primer also reduces crack length, and thus increases fracture energy.
The presence of comorbidities increases fracture risk, and genetics have been shown to exert a strong influence on BMD and bone microarchitecture.
As the volume fraction of dendrites increases, fracture strength linearly decreases and obeys a rule-of-mixtures relationship, whereas plastic strain exhibits an exponential increase.
Fracturing of horizontal wells with hybrid fluid or slick water (SWF) (Britt and Smith 2009) not only increases fracture formation contact areas by creating SRVs, but also reactivates natural fractures to some extent, which is vital to tight gas production (Ozkan et al. 2009; Clarkson 2013).
While a low level of bone remodelling in growing mice increases trabecular bone volume [23], low bone remodelling in adult humans increases fracture risk [45].
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Hydraulic fracturing significantly increases fracture-matrix contact areas (through activating pre-existing fractures as well as creating an artificial fracture network), which is of key importance for efficient production.
The result is increased fracture surface area and much greater energy absorption.
Namely, increasing fracture half-length could more benefit the gas production than increasing the fracture conductivity.
Several pathological disorders are associated with an increased fracture risk.
This enhanced stiffness was paralleled by 30% increased fracture toughness.
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