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The valley splitting increases with increased shear strain and decreasing film thickness and can be larger than the spin splitting.
As the length increases from a (5 μm) to c (15 μm), the fracture occurs at the increased shear strain, whereas the shear stress at the fracture slightly decreases by ~20 MPa.
These microstructural observations are in good agreement with those of Niemeijer et al. (2010), who found that increased shear strain leads to a reorientation of R1 shears toward Y shears, resulting from the kinematic constraint of rigid forcing blocks on the gouge material (e.g., Mandl et al. 1977).
Additionally, it is known that increased transverse force is accompanied by increased shear strain.
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The difference between the measured shear forces at two mirror symmetry points increases with increasing shear strain and vertical load.
The increasing shear strain along [10 1̅0] direction will sharply reduce the band-gap and the curve is nonlinear, while the band-gap decreases nearly linearly with the increase of shear strain along [1 2̅10] direction.
The results indicate that both dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio decrease with the increasing shear strain during the long-term cyclic loading.
The results predict that the pull-off force decreases linearly with increasing shear strain in the post, or with shear displacement across the stamp.
However, when the steel grid was set parallel to the shear plane, there was a severe pinching effect and severe strength deterioration with increasing shear strain magnitude.
A flat plate was used to apply a uniform compressive strain and a radially increasing shear strain on disks of Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel with myoblasts encapsulated within.
Both the microcrack density and diffuse damage area caused by the torsional overload increased with increasing shear strain from the center to the edge of the specimen.
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