Sentence examples for increased pullout force from inspiring English sources
This is mainly attributed to the fact that the confinement effect of surrounding concrete on the strand is more severely reduced by Poisson's ratio effect when the embedment length increases, because of the increased pullout force.
Instrumentation of the osteoporotic spine can be managed by long instrumentation constructs, but these increase operative time and hemorrhage and elongate the lever arm on the construct terminal end causing increased pullout forces on the terminal screws.
Therefore, these screws prove to significantly increase pullout forces in low quality bone while remaining a safer option over the use of bone cement.
While more biodegradable cements such as CaP and HA generally do not increase pullout forces to the extent of PMMA, the benefits associated with them tend to make them the safer and more attractive option when cement usage is considered.
Increased insertion depth was a secondary condition that also increased pullout strength.
Hickerson et al. [ 20] found that, while PMMA increased pullout strengths by 25% over unaugmented pedicle screws, CTG increased these forces by 89%.
Following mechanical testing, it became apparent that this provided enough strength to significantly increase the pullout force of the low elastic modulus screws by 19.3% [ 12].
Large diameter screws compress the cancellous and trabecular bone during screw insertion to form a dense bone layer, and thus the screw thread is embedded in dense bone thereby increasing the pullout force of the screw [ 23].
Cannulated fenestrated screws were used (Longitude FNS) and cement was injected to increase pullout resistance.
Utilizing this technique, they observed a significant increase in pullout force of 23% in the pedicle that was tapped with 2.5 in-lbs IT as opposed to the one that had an IT of 1.5 in-lbs.
The results may be different clinically as in the Kaneda and Z-plate 2 screws are used in each vertebra which may increase the overall pullout force.
