Sentence examples for increased prostate size from inspiring English sources

An increase in free serum E2 in male mouse fetuses (due to maternal administration of E2 via Silastic capsule) to 0.0012 nM (0.31 pg/mL) significantly increased prostate size and the number of prostatic androgen receptors in adulthood (vom Saal et al. 1997).

It has been shown that increased prostate size is a risk factor for lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS) progression in men who currently have LUTS presumed due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

The diagnosis of BPH was based on lower urinary tract symptoms, free uroflowmetry, and evidenced by palpation or transrectal ultrasound of increased prostate size.

In contrast, increases in prenatal estrogen levels within the physiologic range (the normal range for endogenous estradiol) stimulate prostate development, leading to permanently increased prostate size and androgen receptor ligand-binding activity (Gupta 2000; Timms et al. 1999; vom Saal et al. 1997).

Other authors have shown that prenatal exposure to low dose of BPA increases prostate size [ 38– 40] and these changes persisted during adulthood.

Our findings support the hypothesis that prenatal exposure to elevated estrogen levels permanently increases prostate size and androgen responsiveness at least in part by inducing Ar mRNA expression.

At the time, the prostate was the most extensively studied reproductive tissue, with both developmental and adult exposures reported to increase prostate size [reviewed by Richter et al. (2007) and vom Saal et al. (2007)].

The observed induction of gene expression occurred at concentrations within the range of free E2 previously shown to permanently increase prostate size, thus supporting the involvement of direct effects of estrogens on gene expression in prostate mesenchyme.

The consequences of developmental induction of Ar and Esr1 for the adult phenotype of the prostate have not been directly examined, but exposure during fetal life to very low doses of BPA (2 50 μg/kg/day) permanently increases prostate size in mice (Gupta 2000; Nagel et al. 1997).

Fetal exposure to a relatively small increase in estradiol or man-made estrogenic chemicals in the blood thus permanently decreases testis, epididymis, and seminal vesicle weight but through different mechanisms increases prostate size (Nonneman et al. 1992; Richter et al. 2007; Timms et al. 2005; vom Saal 1989; vom Saal et al. 1997).

Increased use of prostate specific antigen (PSA) has been associated with increased prostate cancer incidence.