First, formal and educational updates in research ethics can help increase professionals' knowledge and sensitivity to new and emerging ethical concerns in the conduct of research.
The main categories identified were the creation of professional networks, increased professional confidence in managing patients and obstacles to applying acquired knowledge and skills in their context.
Although previous instructive tobacco cessation initiatives in our context have shown that teaching increases professionals' knowledge of psychological skills and pharmacological resources, no changes have been observed in professionals' attitude in providing help to quit [ 24].
Teacher PD programs typically seek to increase teachers' professional knowledge, challenge beliefs, improve classroom practices, and foster student learning and achievement gains (Borko et al. 2008; Guskey 1986 20022).
This separate focus on children in the first years of life came about partly in response to a perceived need to increase the professional knowledge base and recognition of those working with infants and toddlers (Langston and Abbott 2005).
The GPs see new collaborative practices as a way to increase their professional knowledge.
We suggest it is important to increase healthcare professionals' knowledge of the factors influencing the participation of older patients in hospital admission, educate staff to handle complex situations, and facilitate continuity of treatment and care.
An on-line cartoon based learning tool designed to simplify the complexities of hepatitis B serology was found to be effective in increasing healthcare professionals' knowledge in hepatitis B serology.
With this in mind and since no research, to our knowledge, has specifically evaluated the efficacy of cartoons in hepatitis B serology education, an opportunity to increase healthcare professionals' knowledge on hepatitis B serology by way of cartoons was considered a novel and promising medium.
Recently, personal genotyping has gained attention as a way to increase medical professionals' knowledge of emerging genetic technologies and scientific discovery, and to engender excitement and motivation among students as a way of encouraging them to learn and engage with genetics [ 7- 19, 19, 20].
