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The numerical results showed that increased pressure and nozzle size resulted in increased hydraulic shock loading, and increased ply debonding.
The model calculates a progressive reduction in structural properties with increasing size of microvascular channels due to increased ply waviness, which was confirmed using experimental property data.
However, the increased ply count in thin-ply laminates also increases the number of ply-ply interfaces, thereby increasing the number of relatively weak and delamination-prone interlaminar regions.
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The results show that the effect of shear deformation in the prediction of the critical thrust force is influential with increasing ply thickness and the effect of chisel edge on shear deformation is more profound in the distributed load regime.
The optimized design increases the ply number of the leading edge from 6 to 22.
The comparison demonstrates the theory's ability to capture the dramatic effect of transverse cracking on the homogenized transverse Poisson's ratio that increases with increasing 90° ply thickness, and the damage mode bifurcation from transverse cracking to interfacial delamination.
The experimental GIIc values increased with the ply angle θ for both θ/−θ and 0°/θ specimens.
However, strength decreased when the thickness was increased by changing the ply block thickness, with a 62% reduction from 1 to 8 blocked plies.
In the study, the thickness of the composite adherend is kept constant and the volume content of ±45° ply is increased from 11.1% to 88.9%.
The increase in ply number led to increases in the peak load and specific energy absorption (SEA); whereas the tubal length seemed insensitive to energy absorption capability.
The highest percentage increase in ply detection, relative to the earliest detection of TGR (4 h), in plain BHI and BHI with erythromycin (erm) was 80.57% and 23.27%, respectively, indicating a relatively slow rate of TGR under antibiotic selective pressure.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com