Bicycles and public transportation are modes of sustainable transport that reduce both the increasing levels of pollution and traffic congestion and the worrying statistics concerning obesity and physical inactivity.
However, during the Industrial Revolution, increasing levels of pollution caused by waste products discharged into the river by local industries proved fatal to wildlife, with fish stocks disappearing completely by about 1850.
But residents have struggled with increased levels of air pollution from regional plants for nearly the same amount of time.
All age groups below 67 years are at risk from increased levels of the pollution mixture.
These arrhythmias developed within a few hours of increased levels of air pollution (Ljungman et al. 2008).
Increased levels of air pollution have been linked with morbidity and mortality, but mechanisms linking physiologic responses to quality of life and productivity issues remain largely unknown.
Increased levels of air pollution have been shown to enhance the risk for ST-segment depression (Pekkanen et al. 2002) and arrhythmia (Berger et al. 2006).
Because SES is considered as one of many important determinants of health, it has been included as a potential confounder or effect modifier in most epidemiological studies about adverse health effects of increased levels of air pollution [ 3, 13, 14].
However, because extreme heat events and increased levels of air pollution (e.g., ozone) often coincide, it is necessary to understand not only the independent effects of heat on mortality but also any combined effects of heat and air pollution (WHO 2009a).
Studies in air pollution epidemiology have correlated increased levels of traffic-related pollution to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and have also recognized traffic-related pollution as an important risk factor [ 1].
