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The nature of the different items varies, and the number of increased items is not a continuous variable and could not be used as such.
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Increased item difficulty may also be due to more and more rapid guessing towards the end of a timed test (Schnipke and Scrams 1997).
In an effort to approach the novel status of a 0% ceiling effect, Haley et al. increased item difficult.
Following this, formulae for projecting the increase in reliability owing to increased item numbers could be used to model how mixed-option test forms with different proportions of three-option and four-option items might perform.
Figure 2 shows clearly how well the increasing item difficulty represents the modeled hierarchy in the difficulty levels.
For example, test takers may experience either increasing item difficulty at the end of the test due to fatigue or decreasing item difficulty due to test-wiseness as they become more familiar with the content (Hohensinn et al. 2008).
Logits of greater magnitude represent increasing item severity.
To assist in this procedure the logit values of the item difficulties were ordered according to increasing item difficulty.
FIM items were linearized utilizing Rasch scaling procedures in order to increase item variability and ensure item quality, stability, and reliability [ 23, 24].
By increasing item discrimination, EMQs offer comparable levels of reproducibility with 30% fewer items than the MCQ with five options [ 9].
A 1.1% point increase might not seem a lot at first glance but with increasing item size the effect becomes noticeable.
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