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This promotes lignin solubilization, thereby making biomass more digestible, resulting in an increased hydrolysis yield of glucose as consequence of the high enzyme catalyzed cellulose degradation [ 18, 47].
However, although these sites were not all associated with proteins, further additions increased hydrolysis yield slightly, indicating that non-protein substances played an important role in enhancement of sugar yield.
Looking back at the hydrolysis results obtained using monocomponent CBH I and EG in light of the correlation observed between PEG addition, increased yields and decreased water constraint, we suggest that the increased hydrolysis yield seen for CBH I in the presence of PEG has to do with the lower water constraint brought on by the surfactant.
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The improving mechanism of LMTs on the enzymatic hydrolysis of SPS was based on the modification of the SPS lignin, resulting in decreased adsorption of cellulases on lignin and increased hydrolysis yields.
A variety of methods have been suggested to achieve increased hydrolysis yields, including via surfactant addition [ 5], gradual substrate loading [ 6] or advanced reactor configurations coupled with product removal to avoid inhibition [ 7- 9].
Considering the cost of H2O2 (approximately $700 per tonne), the 5% increased hydrolysis yields corresponds to an increase in the estimated overall ethanol yield (assuming 0.45 g/g and 0.30 g/g yields of ethanol from glucose and xylose, respectively) from approximately 58 gal/tonne to 62 gal/tonne.
With increasing hydrolysis yields, the bound enzymes slowly returned to the supernatant at varying extents depending on the cellulase type.
Here, using lignin-free model substrates, we propose that PEG also alters the solvent properties, for example, water, leading the cellulases to increase hydrolysis yields.
The xylosidase enhancement was not a general protein effect because BSA at similar concentration did not increase hydrolysis yields from corn stover [ 11].
When present in concentrations of 0.5 to 5 wt% biomass, these surfactants can increase hydrolysis yields for a given enzyme loading.
The increased glucan hydrolysis yield exhibited a linear relationship with the xylan hydrolysis yield by each enzyme.
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