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Brassica genomes have undergone whole genome triplication (WGT) after speciation from Arabidopsis thaliana, leading to significantly increased duplicated genes.
Brassicaceae genomes have undergone three rounds of whole-genome duplication; these genomes are referred to as 1R, 2R, and 3R, which are equivalent to the γ, β, and α duplication events; furthermore, Brassica genomes have undergone another WGT (4R) after speciation from A. thaliana, which led to significantly increased duplicated gene numbers in B. rapa.
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Genes with high expression levels are more likely to be essential [ 38] and have increased duplicate retention rates [ 12, 23].
SA006 and SA035 do display an increased duplicate rate (54%, 78% respectively), but SA008 also displays high duplicate rate with minimal effect on mapping quality.
I dislike the increasing duplicate paper work.
The finding showed that the adsorption capacity of Pb2+ increased from 3.2 to 20.6 mg/g for Fe2+-PPC and 3.1 to 19.4 mg/g for Fe3+-PPC until 50 ppm, but it had a little increasing to 27.5 and 22.5 mg/g by increasing duplicate of the initial concentration of Pb2+ from 50 to 100 ppm.
Figure 1 B shows that the connectivity of duplicate gene pairs in the epistatic interaction network increased as duplicate gene pairs diverged at the sequence level.
Most simply, gene dosage is increased for the duplicated gene.
In Section 3, we have already shown that if the forwarders selected lie in divergent paths, then the number of retransmissions is increased due to duplicate retransmissions.
Expanding the P450 family, irrespective of the exact gene that is being duplicated, increases the range of substances which can be oxidatively altered.
This likely reflects the differences in environment and behavior exhibited by these species, but may also be a consequence of an increased tendency to duplicate genes for the creation of genetic diversity in S. maritima.
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