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However, because temperate phages have the ability to transfer host DNA and/or increase virulence [ 22], virulent phages are thought to be better suited for biocontrol purposes.
At the same time, our empirical results indicate that experimentally-induced increases in inflammation (a likely correlate of clearance rate) increase virulence, and that virulent parasite genotypes induce more inflammation per parasite, in unmanipulated hosts [ 52].
Mutations in some strains of influenza A virus can render the virus resistant to amantadine; however, these mutations do not appear to increase virulence.
Furthermore, mutations accumulating during epidemics increase the replication fitness of the virus in cell culture and increase virulence in an animal model.
Importantly, replacement of the NS3-NS4B regiof of H241 did not increase virulence in mice, suggesting that viral production can be increased safely.
Hanley (2011) describes how the high mutation rates in viruses can be used to our advantage in designing and producing attenuated virus vaccines, but also work against us, as mutations that arise during vaccination campaigns may increase virulence or interact with other viruses.
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First, we clearly show that allelic replacement of srv in the MGAS5005 background leads to increased virulence coupled with increased production of SpeB in vivo.
Emm type 75 was associated with increased levels of erythromycin resistance, but without apparent increased virulence.
This may have lead to increased stress on corals that may have reduced their immune responses, and/or increased virulence of pathogen(s) causing the disease.
If the host occurs at a high density and the transmission rate of the parasite is also high, then natural selection favours increased virulence in the parasite.
He died in 1919, before the increasing virulence of antisemitism in Germany could make him reconsider this argument.
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