Money is one of the 'conventions' which human societies have adopted to guard themselves against uncertainty, by allowing people to postpone decisions about whether and what to buy.Hence Keynes's idea that a recession can be caused when a rise in uncertainty drives people to increase their preference for holding money or equivalent instruments of value, rather than goods or services.
Previous studies have shown that women increase their preference for masculinity during the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle.
Young people's intentions to seek help decrease as their level of suicidal ideation increases and the most commonly experienced mental health problems increase their preference to keep their distress to themselves [ 17, 39].
Using the social transmission of food odor preference paradigm originally described by Galef and colleagues [ 1, 3], several studies have demonstrated that both naïve infant and adolescent observer rats will increase their preference for ethanol odor, as well as manifest enhanced ethanol intake, as a consequence of social interaction with an ethanol intoxicated peer [e.g., [ 5- 9]].
Exceptions concern self-medication behaviour described in two species of woolly bear caterpillars, which increase their preference for pyrrolizidine alkaloids or iridoid glycosides when parasitized, improving their chances of surviving parasitoid infection (Bernays & Singer, 2005; Singer et al., 2009; Smilanich et al., 2011).
Several studies have demonstrated that both naïve infant and adolescent observer rats will increase their preference for ethanol odor, as well as manifest enhanced ethanol intake, as a consequence of interaction with a peer that was administered ethanol [e.g., [ 4- 9]].
All portfolios with considerable shares of the CCS technology lost approval, while all portfolios based on nuclear power and renewables increased their preferences.
For example, people may realign their preferences to match partner characteristics to reduce cognitive dissonance and experiments have demonstrated that increasing participants' recent visual experience with images of the bodies of individuals with higher levels of adiposity increases their preferences for facial characteristics that are correlated with higher BMIs (Re et al., 2011).
We then consider agents that act as creatures of habit by increasing their preference to coordinate (anticoordinate) with whichever neighbors they are coordinated (anticoordinated) with at present.
Over time, 29.4% and 35.3% increased their preference for tobacco and alcohol cessation, while 41.2% and 17.6% decreased their preference for cigarette and alcohol cessation.
