NusA increases the pause frequency without affecting the duration of pauses.
The experiments show that downstream torque (positive supercoil) decreases the pause-free velocity of the E. coli RNAP, while it increases the pause density and the duration of pauses.
Single-molecule assays of E. coli RNAP transcription elongation in the presence of NusG have shown that it increased the pause-free velocity of RNAP by 10 20% and simultaneously decreased its pause frequency.
Halting ECs at the pause dramatically increased the C346 pause but had much less effect on the C370 pause (more EC entered the pause state, but the pause duration was unchanged).
A uniform fine-grained austenite structure may be obtained during rough rolling if primary SRx is completed within each pause; to this end, it is necessary to gradually increase the durations of the pause between successive deformations in the range 1150 950 °С for F620 V-alloyed steel and 1150 1050 °С for F620 Nb-alloyed steel.
Indeed, heat shock has recently been shown both optically and biochemically to increase the escape of paused Pol II into the gene body at the Drosophila Hsp70 locus without decreasing termination of paused Pol II, arguing against a role for termination in the regulation of the accumulation and escape of paused Pol II.
Devaquet et al. [18] extended inspiratory time from 0.7 ± 0.2 to 1.4 ± 0.3 s by increasing the inspiratory pause time from 0 to 20 % of the total breathing cycle.
A survey of the mechanisms that may underlie intermittent progression suggests that pauses increase the capacity of sensory systems to detect relevant stimuli, and may involve perceptual processes such as velocity blur, relative motion detection, foveation, attention and interference between sensory systems [ 30].
We find that as the opposing force, F, is increased, the mean pause-free velocity, v, decreases monotonically, indicating that mRNA translocation is rate limiting under the conditions of the experiment.
Atrial tachyarrhythmia occurring after a sinus pause may increase the heart rate so strongly that it may lead to hypotension and loss of consciousness.
