Qualification year was also associated with communication skills performance among volunteer doctors, with an increase of 0.23 of a mark for each unit of increase in qualification year.
The participants were: six clinical nurses, 17 registered nurses, three enrolled nurses, and one assistant in nursing (with these classifications based on increasing levels of qualifications and experience, with a clinical nurse being most senior, followed by registered nurse, then enrolled nurse, and assistant in nursing).
There was a significant relationship between qualification year and OSCE performance; for every one unit increase in qualification year, doctors performed on average 2.4 of a mark better on the OSCE.
There was also a significant relationship between qualification year and knowledge test performance; for every one unit increase in qualification year, doctors performed on average 0.6 of a mark better on the knowledge test.> -wrap-foot> *Model 1 variables: gender, ethnicity, qualification region.
The chances of qualification increased in 1999-2000, with 16 rather than eight teams going through from the first group stage.
Poorer performance has also been found to be associated with increased age and/or year of qualification in doctors with no known performance concerns [ 14- 16].
So after years of underrepresentation, females now outnumber males[ 21] in the medical workforce in the UK: Although overall 44.8% of candidates were female in this study their representation increased for each year of qualification, such that for those qualifying after 2002 58% were female; this is similar to the 58% of doctors who were female who responded to a BMA survey[ 22] in 2006.
Since then, the number of students in the UK sitting this type of qualification has increased to more than 8x that number.
Amongst the government policies influenced by EPPSE was the government's efforts to increase the qualification levels of ECEC staff (e.g., children's workforce strategy, 2005; early years Professional qualification, 2006) as EPPSE had shown that quality of provision was related to staff qualifications (Sylva et al. 1999, 2004).
Nina Biehal, professor of social work at the University of York, says: "The key element of these reforms is increasing the level of qualifications among staff in children's homes more generally, not just the new training on child sexual exploitation".
Related: Stop treating adoption as the only option for children in care Nina Biehal, professor of social work at the University of York, says: "The key element of these reforms is increasing the level of qualifications among staff in children's homes more generally, not just the new training on child sexual exploitation".
