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This analysis is supported by the finding that the noncontingent group undergoing the identical procedure (except injection contingency) and similar amphetamine amounts did not increase lever pressing.
We previously suggested that amphetamine injected into the medial olfactory tubercle is rewarding based on the finding that rats learn to increase lever pressing followed by amphetamine injections [38].
This conclusion is also consistent with our preliminary data that intermittent intravenous administration of amphetamine did not increase lever pressing rewarded by visual signals (Suto, Shin & Ikemoto, unpublished observation).
The present experiment's results are consistent with the findings of experiments 2 4 that noncontingent administration of amphetamine into the medial tubercle does not increase lever pressing unless it is followed by visual signals.
Systemic administration of amphetamine markedly increased locomotor activity, but did not necessarily increase lever pressing rewarded by visual signals, suggesting that lever pressing is not a byproduct of heightened locomotor activity.
The control CS- (a different auditory stimulus that did not predict sucrose reward) failed to increase lever pressing over the baseline pre-cue period in any drug condition.
Similar(53)
When considering the potential disadvantages of decreasing the lever arm, the surgeon should aim for an equal or slightly increased lever arm during THA.
To avoid the potential negative effects of decreasing the lever arm, the surgeon should aim for an equal or slightly increased lever arm.
The patients were divided in two groups based on whether they kept their anatomical lever arm or had an increased lever arm.
Nicotine significantly increased lever pressing and the number of earned reinforcements on both levers in the two choice conditions and when administered s.c. compared to all groups that did not receive nicotine.
Intra-tubercle injections of amphetamine significantly increased lever pressing.
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