Larger increases in restraint and decreases in disinhibition were observed in the Pio+PC group, with restraint accounting for 28.4% of the variance in body weight change.
The Pio+PC group had a significant increase in dietary restraint and a decrease in disinhibition and hunger.
24 At the same time, the increase in dietary restraint and the decrease in disinhibition score during weight reduction phase guaranteed the success of weight loss maintenance.
For each unit increase in dietary restraint change score, there was a 4.3-fold greater likelihood of achieving 7% weight loss at end of study.
Altogether, it is suggested that leaf hairs cause the increase in WUEp through restraint of transpiration by increasing the boundary layer resistance.
It was hypothesized that the use of the care program would lead to a decrease in challenging behavior and in the prescription of psychoactive drugs without increase in use of restraints.
The results regarding mean restraint intensity and mean multiple restraint use were in agreement with the restraint prevalence – the results showed no decrease in the experimental group and an increase in the control group.
The latter strain has an increased sympathetic tone already at rest and exhibits a much stronger increase in sympathetic tone upon restraint stress than Wistar rats [14], [15].
This effect translates into a blunted heart rate increase in vivo upon physical restraint in SHR during adenosine A1 agonism, whereas no effect was observed in Wistar rats.
Reduced cognitive restraint, increase in hunger, and increased overeating were associated with a higher probability of weight gain ≥ 1 kg.
