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A one standard deviation increase in leverage reduces the probability of entrepreneurship by 10 20 percent.
"The increase in leverage worked because, like a Ponzi scheme, it was ramping up the value of the assets that it was financing.
Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the extent of the increase in leverage and the collapse of investment in Europe as compared with the United States.
After that deal, Standard & Poor's cut the company's debt rating to B, citing "the significant increase in leverage and material weakening of free cash flow".
Financial-sector debt rose as a share of GDP in most countries, especially Britain and Spain, and some pockets of finance (such as investment banks) saw a huge increase in leverage.
Mr. Trichet said the financial crisis of 2008 was merely a symptom of "the excesses and imbalances accumulated over the previous decades" namely, "the expansion of debt, the build-up of risk and the increase in leverage".
Similar(39)
QE thus stimulated sharp increases in leverage, market capitalization, and financial-sector profitability.
("The quota led to younger and less experienced boards, increases in leverage and acquisitions, and deterioration in operating performance, consistent with less capable boards," according to the study).
But we need to ensure that directors aren't just waving through ill-conceived acquisitions, drastic increases in leverage or decreases in credit underwriting standards.
Third, substantial increases in leverage produce larger tax shields, boosting returns by increasing the cash flows available to the providers of capital.
Academic studies have found that a significant proportion of hedge fund interventions involve large increases in leverage and large decreases in investment, particularly in research and development.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com