Lower cost digestion results in increased energetic efficiency (p. 40).
Within certain environmental and behavioral contexts, however, ultrasonic communication may offer advantages, such as enhanced signal-to-noise ratio, avoidance of eavesdropping by predators or prey, and increased energetic efficiency (for discussion, see [13]), and thus be favored by selection.
Other reports are contradictory in regard to increased energetic efficiency during FR as compared to ad libitum feeding in juvenile pigs [ 15, 35].
Our present results indicate that in old rats a lowered RMR is associated with increased energetic efficiency in intermyofibrillar and subsarcolemmal mitochondria from skeletal muscle, while oxidative damage is present only in subsarcolemmal mitochondria.
Also, the increased energetic efficiency of daf-2 animals inferred from the C/R ratio is not recapitulated in isolated mitochondria suggesting that in control of whole-worm metabolism, extra-mitochondrial regulatory mechanisms are important.
The increased energetic efficiency in intermyofibrillar and subsarcolemmal mitochondria from skeletal muscle found in old rats, which implies decreased energy expenditure, together with increased oxidative damage in subsarcolemmal mitochondria, if extrapolated to humans suggest dangerous metabolic consequences in sedentary old subjects.
Studies suggest that the physiological changes of pregnancy, designed to increase maternal energetic efficiency and liberate fetal substrates, may contribute to a worsening of obesity in susceptible subjects.
We have previously found that, in the transition from young (60 days) to adult (180 days) age, there is an increase in energetic efficiency in subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar skeletal muscle mitochondria [ 10].
Furthermore, the pressure remains at 250 bara increasing the global energetic efficiency of the process.
Nevertheless, actual concerns about the energy use and the reduction of CO2 emissions encourage the efforts in the increasing of the energetic efficiency of these schemes.
