The effect of the incorrect vertical segregation profile has been studied by STEMSI in shelf life degradation studies and evolution of the morphology in the bulk and the effect of vertical segregation profile have been separated.
Likewise, for the P3HT PCBM system described in Fig. 2, an additional resistance is observed in the low-frequency region if an incorrect vertical segregation profile is observed by imaging techniques [12].
Importantly, by carrying out impedance spectroscopy measurements if an incorrect vertical segregation profile is observed a feature in the low-frequency region is observed which can be attributed to the effect of an undesirable contact resistance.
These results indicate that during the MI-AI transition, overexpressed Bub3 may affect kinetochore-microtubule attachment, leading to the incorrect chromosome segregation.
Taken together our results show for the first time a direct connection between SAC loss and incorrect chromosome segregation by mouse genetics in mammalian female meiosis I. Overexpression of Mad2 activates the SAC and leads to an arrest in metaphase [19], [20].
Not surprisingly, micronuclei were observed as a consequence of incorrect chromosome segregation (Fig. 1A[f]).
Therefore, failure in the spatio-temporal organization of chromatin can cause genomic instability, which can lead to incorrect chromosome segregation, chromosomal aberrations and aneuploidy.
Aberrant mitosis and multi-polar spindles observed in asbestos treated cells could lead to the incorrect chromosome segregation and result in aneuploid cells [ 9, 10].
These cells with centrosome amplification could entry mitosis, form multipolar spindles and complete cytokinesis forming cells with abnormal DNA content due incorrect chromosomal segregation, or can incomplete cytokinesis and form one aneuploid cell with DNA content probably higher than 2C.
Actually, we may speculate that such males might have appeared in two different ways, i.e. by direct hybridization of species/forms leading to a diploid hybrid male, or by incorrect X segregation during the meiosis I of the "intermediate triploid female" of the A scheme, as depicted in Figure 5.
