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An underestimation of the PDZ content and the number of duplications with high sequence conservation (some PDZ proteins encode 13 relatively closely related PDZ domains [33]) would lead to an incorrect sampling of the PDZ binding space.
Selection bias may arise from incorrect sampling of medical records.
Appraisal of such conventional case-control design in diagnostic accuracy research has been limited due to its problems related to the incorrect sampling of cases and controls [ 3- 7].
The use of (conventional) case-control studies in diagnostic research has often been associated with biased estimates of diagnostic accuracy, due to the incorrect sampling of subjects [ 3- 6, 18].
Similar(56)
Since samples are only as good as the sampling systems that generate them, incorrect sampling will remain undetected without an examination and evaluation of the sampling systems.
A different application is as an inherent sample identifier, enabling determination of incorrect sample annotation.
Other larger biorepositories such as the UK biobank have chosen to automate sample collection and storage to a larger degree in order to further reduce the possibility of incorrect sample identification [ 9].
Of the 78 patients recruited 4 were excluded from the analysis (one because of a coagulated sample, one because an incorrect sample had been harvested [ascitic instead of pleural fluid], and two due to unverifiable patient details).
For this reason, as part of the data pre-processing, the cleaning function copes with incomplete and incorrect samples in the dataset.
This classification only altered the dominant haplotype code (to "incorrect") in one sample (of 57) and did not influence the significance of terms in our model.
This is probably linked to the incorrect method of sampling for bacteriological testing and keeping the samples for too long before the tests.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com