We agree with the reviewer that the statistical methodology has to incorporate odds ratios in order to account for differences in sizes of pathway databases.
Because multiple loci in the genome are being sought in a GWAS, estimates incorporating the prior odds of association and the power to detect association have been proposed [6] and others have discussed the advantages of non-parametric tests based on genotype counts or multilocus modeling [7] [9].
They're even popping up as pundits now, or have arranged to have the latest odds incorporated into radio commentaries, which tend to go something like: "Cazorla crosses to Podolski, who's joint favourite to score the first goal, which will earn you £300 for a £50 stake if it comes between the 67th and 69th minutes.
Model selection uncertainty was incorporated into the odds ratio (OR) estimates by using model averaging (9).
Wu and Haussler [ 15] incorporated the log odds scores of codons in a hidden markov model that predicts exon structures.
Therefore, the post-test odds incorporate information about the disease prevalence, the patient pool, and specific patient risk factors (pre-test odds), as well as information about the diagnostic test itself (the likelihood ratio).
Markov elements can also be incorporated in a proportional odds model, however, that type of model is discrete in time and the sampling times and frequencies can greatly influence the parameter estimates.
A similar approach can be taken where a specific rare genotype is of interest and exposure is expensive to record. White [ 114], assuming the exposure and disease status are both binary, presented a procedure to derive valid estimates of odds ratio by incorporating the information from the first both stages sample and the sampling proportions for the second stage.
For example, formal business registration is a mandatory first step for any business with any intention of growing — incorporating in business-friendly Delaware also raises the odds.
Soon, the scenarios grow more baroque, the odds more dire, and begin to incorporate all the particulars of a real game.
It's very hard for me to imagine that an American official can incorporate Sharia law, because Sharia is totally at odds with our bill of rights, and our Constitution.
