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It is further shown (through sensitivity analysis and numerical simulations) that incorporating host age-structure and reduced susceptibility due to prior malaria infection has marginal effect on the transmission dynamics of the disease.
A potential limitation of incorporating host response markers into the classifier is lack of specificity.
Population-based studies incorporating host and environmental data are needed to further clarify the effect of race and ethnicity on DR prevalence.
Nontypeable H. influenzae strains are able to evade host immune defenses by incorporating host sialic acid and choline into their LPS, thereby mimicking host cell surfaces [ 68, 69].
Population-based studies incorporating host and environmental data are needed to further clarify the effect of race and ethnicity on DR prevalence [ 24]. *Year of publication; DR – Diabetic Retinopathy.
Indeed, the recent evidence of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases transformed the view of such diseases from strictly pathogen-centric to the one incorporating host genetic determinants that modulate immune response.
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Bacteroides species are also capable of incorporating host-derived L-fucose into their capsule polysaccharides using L-fucose-1-phosphate as an intermediate.
ASFV pB119L demonstrates the potential of large double-stranded DNA viruses, which have faster mutation rates than their hosts and the tendency to incorporate host genes, to pioneer new protein folds and self-assembly modes.
Host genomes are also potential sources of genes for viruses, as viral genomes are known to incorporate host genes.
Although poxviruses are known to have incorporated host genes into their genomes to subvert the host immune system (3 ), bats and poxviruses may also serve as facilitators in the horizontal transfer of transposable elements to other species (4 – 6 ).
Furthermore, investigators should be aware that the xenograft models can incorporate host (non-human) glycolipids, possibly altering the biochemical and immunogenic properties of the model (Ecsedy et al., 1999).
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