For models M2, M3 and M8, the existence of positively selected codons is allowed as they incorporate a class of codons for which ω = Ka/Ks (ratio of non-synonymous and synonymous substitution rates) can be >1.
In 20 of the 22 patients the most likely evolutionary model for sequences sampled at two different time points (before and at the end of the viral treatment) incorporated a class of sites for which ω = Ka/Ks>1 and, in consequence, it was possible to apply the Bayes Empirical Bayes (BEB) procedure to identify those amino acid positions most likely under positive selection.
Relying on a present value model with time-varying expected returns, and incorporating a quite general class of processes to model bubble-like stock price deviations from the long-run equilibrium, we provide empirical evidence on the U.S. log dividend price ratio over the 1871 1 2001 9 period, as well as for several sub-periods.
The rules are tailored to weight functions with algebraic endpoint singularities of a fairly general form, thus allowing one to easily incorporate a wide class of domains into the analysis.
The Forward Error-correcting (FEC) system of the recent DVB-S2 standard [8] incorporates a special class of LDPC codes based on Irregular Repeat Accumulate (IRA) codes [25].
Müller et al. (2009), Haase (2009) and Haase and Müller (2013) propose approximate approaches that are able to incorporate a large class of discrete choice models into mathematical programs.
In addition, if the sample size permitted, it would be useful to incorporate a latent class analysis in order to identify sources of heterogeneity that may not be captured by the characteristics that we chose to investigate.
The Clan Class was based upon the Britannia Class design, incorporating a smaller boiler and various weight-saving measures to increase the route availability of a Pacific-type locomotive for its intended area of operations, the west of Scotland.
After spatially normalizing each patient's GRE T2* images into a standard stereotaxic space, the automated microbleed detection algorithm (MIDAS) identified cerebral microbleeds by explicitly incorporating an "extra" tissue class for abnormal voxels within a unified segmentation-normalization model.
