Our method for incorporating side information incorporates duration information precisely as needed to yield an HMMD.
Lifetime smoking history was estimated by the CSI proposed for lung cancer (Leffondre et al, 2006), which incorporates duration of smoking (dur), time since cessation (tsc) and smoking intensity (int): where τ is the half-life parameter, δ is a lag time parameter that modulate the effects of TSC and total duration as follows: tsc*=max (tsc- δ, 0) and dur*=max (dur+ tsc- δ, 0 −tsc*.
The model incorporates both duration and movements in two leading indexes – one designed to have a short lead (SLI) and the other designed to have a longer lead (LLI) – as potential explanatory variables.
The comprehensive smoking index (CSI) is a single aggregate measure of smoking exposure that incorporates intensity, duration and TSC (Leffondre et al, 2006).
The FDA LOC incorporates a duration of exposure of only 5 years and an acceptable rate of cancer of 1 cancer in 100,000 people.
Home ETS was assessed by both years of exposure, which does not account for intensity, and lifetime hours of exposure – a computed variable that incorporates both duration and intensity – resulting in different standards of precision.
The use of such a device for the evaluation of a BG algorithm even allows us to label the GPI measure as area-under-the-curve method (that incorporates the duration of glycemic deviations), since then a penalty is 'continuously' assigned to each BG (measured at each time instant, e.g., every minute) and since hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic deviations cannot balance each other.
Preference-weights for the EQ-5D pluSheffieldlDignityty Question have recently been estimated using DCE incorporating duration (see [ 42, 43]) resulting in a utility scale ranging from −1.55 to +1.
The current analysis examines the association between childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and both paternal and maternal occupational social contact, incorporating the duration and the contact level of each job to determine whether adding the duration as part of the social contact measure will influence any association between parental social contact in the work place and ALL risk.
We considered rates, rather than number of events, as the most appropriate outcome for these analyses because they incorporate the duration of the trials, which was variable.
Studies have not examined cancer incidence, mortality, and survival in relation to a quantitative index of total daily PA, incorporating the duration and intensity of various activities.
