On conventional canola plots, trifluralin was incorporated into soil a day before planting.
Harvest residues may be incorporated into soil just after a rainfall event in the field.
The treatments were incorporated into soil in autumn or early spring, and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings were transplanted into plots in late spring.
One reason for this is the existence of small areas of very high biogeochemical fluxes ('hot spots'), which are not incorporated into soil maps.
The fate of 14C-labelled compounds was determined by quantifying the relative amounts of 14C absorbed by plants, incorporated into soil, taken up into microbial biomass and respired by soil organisms.
We also provide recommendations on how burial processes can be incorporated into soil biogeochemical models to more accurately predict dynamics of deep SOC pools under different landscapes and environmental conditions.
Our results indicate that plant residue fragments incorporated into soil likely create moisture microenvironments for microbial decomposers that differ from those of the surrounding soil; and which, in relatively dry soil, can be more beneficial for plant decomposition than what can be inferred from the information on moisture levels of the soil itself.
Before the plantation, dried PAS was incorporated into soil for providing 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg N ha−1, and then Arundo donax L. propagated from rhizomes were planted in plots at a density of 1 plant m2 (15 plants per plot).
To maintain the current level of SOC in the south-western wheat growing region (lower rainfall) of the state 20 40% wheat stubble is required to be incorporated into soil, compared to that in the north-eastern area (high rainfall), where the rate is about 40 60%.
In contrast, when 100% wheat stubble is incorporated into soil, the amount of increased SOC will reduce the atmospheric CO2 emissions by 3.29 ± 1.11 Mt yr− 1 under the current climate or by the mean of 2.68 ± 0.77 Mt yr− 1 under the GCM projected climate.
