Since the migration and revision rates were from different studies, the RSA data could not have been used (incorporated) in the decision to perform a revision, so there was no incorporation bias.
Since the migration and revision rates are from different studies, the RSA data could not have been used (incorporated) for the decision to perform a revision; this means that there is no incorporation bias.
Building further upon this development, we then incorporated a bias correction step into the spatial downscaling procedure which permits the inclusion of field observations as a way to moderate the downscaling results to better reflect actual conditions on the ground.
Excess variation associated with low numbers of false negatives was confirmed in simulation studies and by analyses of published studies that incorporated verification bias correction.
Various regression models were developed that incorporated benchmarking to control bias associated with experimental design, food web dynamics, and trophic level structure.
It must be noted that deterministic results are slightly different from the mean bootstrap results due to correction bias term incorporated in the probabilistic analysis.
These auxiliary variables could be also associated with risk of censoring and incorporated into analysis to reduce bias due to dependent censoring in estimation of the recurrence rate.
We also incorporated a representation of recall bias into the model by allowing the lifetime prevalent cases to make a transition to a false negative state.
To minimise response bias, we have incorporated questions relating to self-testing for a range of conditions, rather than just cancer.
However, to correct for bias, sample weights incorporated information on age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education, language spoken at home, and household size, obtained either directly from interview or from neighborhood census data.
