The simulated covariate effect was incorporated as an effect of the binary covariate sex (SEX) on clearance, with varying fractions of male (M, SEX = 0) versus female subjects (F, SEX = 1), and two levels of missingness (10% and 50%).
After a suitably macabre "Uranus," Mr. Lacombe incorporated an offbeat effect in "Neptune," using the American Boychoir in offstage passages originally intended for women's voices.
As intra-class cluster correlation coefficient was not available for the outcome of interest, we incorporated a design effect of two.
The association of trehalase activity with genotype was assessed by a linear mixed model that incorporated a random effect to account for the correlation among siblings in addition to fixed effects for genotype, age and sex.
In order to control for autocorrelation among plastic items within a beach or stomach sample, we incorporated a random effect for each beach or turtle sample.
Both regression models controlled for patients' perceived health status, their rurality and socioeconomic deprivation and incorporated a random effect to account for clustering of the data by practice.
We set the degree of precision at the standard of 0.05 and the confidence level at 95%, and incorporated a design effect of 2.0 because of the cluster design.
The model incorporated a hospital random effect to account for clustering of patient data.
As in Antoniou et al. [ 27, 28], a mixed model [ 29] was used that incorporated the effect of an unmeasured polygenic factor on breast cancer risk in addition to any effect due to the ATM variant segregating in the pedigree.
