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When the summary likelihood ratio was estimated (i.e., when clinical data were obtained from different studies), heterogeneity was assessed via Chi-square tests and I2 inconsistency tests.
A more efficient approach consists in embedding the inconsistency tests within a bisection algorithm, so as to check whole groups of partitions simultaneously, as illustrated in Figure 2. Consider a given initial parameter region and a threshold ε for the relative precision of the parameter estimate, and let || Q|| denote the relative size of a subset with respect to.
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Heterogeneity was assessed using the I inconsistency test.
Subsequently, COMA applies the above explained inconsistency test.
Particularly when data is sparse and a loop includes only a few studies or the outcome is rare, the inconsistency test is unlikely to be informative.
In a simulation study we estimate type I error, power and coverage probability of the inconsistency test for dichotomous outcomes using realistic scenarios informed by previous empirical studies.
The inconsistency test has low power for the 'typical' loop (comprising 8 trials and about 2000 participants) found in published networks.
The inconsistency test, analogously to the heterogeneity test, has low power and we recommend that the point estimate of inconsistency and its 95% confidence interval are used instead to draw inferences about the presence and magnitude of inconsistency.
Overall, inconsistency testing has also been discussed in large complex networks by comparing a consistency model with an unrestricted inconsistency model [ 10], as we have done in turn for each single component meta-analysis.
The statistical inconsistency test (I2) {[(Q− df)/ Q] × 100%%, where Q is the chi-squared statistic and df its degrees of freedom} was also employed to overcome the low statistical power of Cochran's Q test.
15 We also used the statistical inconsistency test (I=(Q−df)/Q×100%, where Q=χ statistic and df=its degrees of freedom) to overcome the low statistical power of Cochran's Q test.
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