Sentence examples for incomplete oxygen from inspiring English sources

Although oxygen (O2) is necessary for promoting yeast growth at early stages of fermentation and for maintaining yeast at optimum condition for effective fermentation, incomplete oxygen metabolism potentially causes a generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), derivative forms of O2, via the mitochondrial electron transport chain (Gibson et al. 2007).

Complex I inhibition results in incomplete oxygen reduction and in generation of potentially harmful ROS, including superoxide [5] [8], hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by action of superoxide dismutases and hydroxyl radicals generated by iron-mediated Fenton reaction [9] [10].

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in a number of ways, including incomplete oxygen reduction during respiration or exposure to environmental factors such as light, increased partial pressure of oxygen, and metals.

Furthermore, the oxidative stress caused by toluene and other aromatic acids in the degradative process is well known [ 23, 80]; however, this phenomenon was found to be mainly caused by reactive oxygen species due to incomplete oxygen reduction [ 81], indicating an active oxygen metabolism under this growth condition.

As shown in Figure 2, ROS/RNS are a range of oxygen-derived molecules formed by the incomplete reduction of oxygen during oxidative metabolism and have both specific mechanisms of production and intracellular targets.

These factors are usually grouped under the broad description of "diffusion limitation," and any can cause incomplete transfer of oxygen with a resultant reduction in blood oxygen content.

Intracellular ROS can be generated by the incomplete reduction of oxygen or by energy transfer to an oxygen molecule.

Superoxide produced in the mitochondria through incomplete reduction of oxygen by the electron transport chain is the progenitor of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) implicated in disease, but also important for intracellular signaling.

Oxygen, due to incomplete reduction, produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage cellular macromolecules, for example, by breaking peptide bonds and inducing oxidation of membrane lipids [ 14].

Incomplete replacement of oxygen atoms in PO43− ions by MoO3 groups can result in dimers (two-molecule polymers), as, for example, {OP[O(MoO3 3]3}26−.

This may lead to incomplete reduction of oxygen, increasing production of ROS and activating AMPK.