Sentence examples for incomplete immunity from inspiring English sources

Influenza, along with many other partially immunizing diseases such as RSV, pertussis and rotavirus, provides temporary incomplete immunity.

When infection with one strain confers incomplete immunity against the other, numerical simulations of the model show that the two strains co-exist, with Strain i dominating (but not driving out Strain j), whenever R0i>R0j>1.

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), and to a lesser extent human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3), re-infect symptomatically throughout life without antigenic change, suggestive of incomplete immunity.

The reasons underlying this incomplete immunity remain unclear.

People who are exposed repeatedly to Plasmodium infection develop a partial and incomplete immunity.

Thus, defects in the humoral response are probably partly responsible for the phenomenon of incomplete immunity.

Adults may also be increasingly at risk for diphtheria because of waning immunity or incomplete immunization, especially in outbreak situations (3 ).

In higher-income countries, eradication of diphtheria was first achieved among children in the youngest age groups and later older children and adults became more vulnerable because of waning immunity or incomplete immunization (27 ).

It is shown that incomplete cross-immunity could induce the phenomenon of backward bifurcation when the associated reproduction number is less than unity.

Metaphylactic treatment at arrival, gradual decline of maternal immunity, incomplete maturation of the immune system and the slowly progressive nature of the dominant pathogens in European veal production, namely Mycoplasma bovis and BVDV, might have influenced the occurrence of the peak incidence at the age of 1-1.5 months instead of at arrival [ 24, 53- 55].

However, there has been considerable difficulty in developing an efficacious malaria vaccine, highlighting our incomplete understanding of immunity against this disease.