For example, a sparse phylogenetic sample of cave-dwellers, with missing surface taxa (either because of incomplete sampling or extinction), would be expected to overestimate the time available for troglomorphic evolution.
A distinction is made between local extinction and incomplete combustion, based on the CO species mass fraction.
Such results could be explained by a recent diversification, lineage extinction and incomplete sampling of extant taxa [22] favoured by the remarkable philopatry exhibited by shearwater populations [23] [25].
Moreover documentation of sound extinction (complete, incomplete or none) [ 6] was carried out.
The problem, Pimm points out, is that the list of extinctions is incomplete.
It is also found that for cases with the C-shaped IC, once the cellular instability occurs, the number of flame cells remains constant until global extinction occurs by incomplete reaction manifested by small Da.
Although the fossil record provides a direct timescale for observations and contains explicit information about extinction, it is incomplete, and more robust at higher taxonomic levels.
Sluggish stomata in response to light extinction with concurrent O3 exposure, and incomplete stomatal closure likewise underestimated measured O3 flux.
At any rate, non-random taxon sampling will cause errors in estimates of speciation and extinction rates, more so than just incomplete taxon sampling [65], [66].
From a practical perspective, if each individual flame kernel is monitored, then extinction is imminent if secondary structures of incomplete reactions are present when the spark ceases adding energy.
