In other countries, multiple agencies or donors control inefficient, incompatible systems that can't be integrated or scaled up.
Cross-country truckers now have to carry multiple transponders for incompatible systems at toll lanes, weigh stations and truck stops.
Mr. Raffray's project is not unlike Roy Lichtenstein's translation of modernist icons into the language of comic books or Saul Steinberg's paradoxical play with incompatible systems of representation.
The Ad Campaign Measurement and Audit Guidelines are intended to make uniform the various incompatible systems that evaluate the viewing (and clicking) of Internet advertisements.
Others worry that the Internet's spectacular growth will become its greatest barrier as infrastructure strains and incompatible systems proliferate globally.
But after Sept. 11, many are looking to software radio technology to give them the flexibility to bridge incompatible systems when coordination becomes critical.
Or a financial services company digesting an acquisition can use the technology as glue to bridge data networks instead of having to combine incompatible systems.
Yes, he said, American capitalism and Soviet Communism were incompatible systems; Washington shouldn't have been surprised to hear Stalin say so.
Interagency tension hurt the development of the new 911 emergency dispatching system, as police and fire officials warred with one another, preserving fiefs and incompatible systems.
Those involved in ATM modernisation want to avoid what happened when mobile-phone standards were set, with different countries ending up with incompatible systems.
