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We measured how diseases are related to economic development with the income relation factor (IRF), defined by the ratio of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) per 100,000 inhabitants in LMIC versus that in high-income countries.
Based on a definition of Type I, II, and III diseases discussed in a background document prepared by the WHO Secretariat (18) and by Røttingen et al. (13), we propose an income relation factor (IRF) as a quantitative, intuitive, and meaningful metric for the degree to which diseases, disease groups, and risk factors are related to the level of economic development.
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A poverty-income ratio (PIR) was calculated for each family based on self-reported family income in relation to poverty threshold, family size and calendar year.
**Mean income in relation to the mean income in Flanders.
We use a regression framework to assess whether income bears relation to benefits an individual reaps from NCMS.
This different perception on gender might lead women to be more influenced by income in relation to health, health behaviours and lifestyle.
PIR is a measure of wealth that is based on family income in relation to US Census Bureau income thresholds for poverty; these income thresholds take into account family size and composition.
We used poverty-income ratio (PIR), an index of income in relation to family need, derived from household income and federally established poverty thresholds (based on family size and annual changes in cost of living [tracking Consumer Price Index]) (19).
The rationale for this categorization is based on income in relation to the median income in Sweden which roughly corresponds to these levels based on statistics from Statistics Sweden: www.scb.se.se
Significant but relatively minor differences in ORs were observed for smoking and educational attainment and pre-tax income in relation to psychological distress, private health insurance and remoteness of residence.
Child poverty in the province, in particular, requires the authorities to look beyond the conventional approach, which focuses on the household's income in relation to the monetary poverty line, instead it requires examining whether children are deprived of their basic needs across the domains of education, health, shelter, water and sanitation, child work, and social inclusion and protection.
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