After early debates on the relative contribution of increased taxon sampling to phylogenetic inference, 1– 3 it is now generally accepted that the inclusion of new terminals has a positive impact on phylogenetic reconstruction by reducing the effect of long branch attraction and other topological anomalies.
We used the case-crossover model to estimate the adjusted risk ratio for each terminal node compared to the referent group, as well as the likelihood ratio test for the inclusion of the terminal nodes in the final model.
A simultaneous Wald test for the inclusion of all terminal nodes in the model was significant, with a chi-square statistic of 34.3 (p = 0.001, with 13 degrees of freedom).
Although speculative, the paper suggests that tRNAs might have had a monophyletic origin from duplication and divergence of tRNA-Gly, primarily because CCA occurs immediately upstream of the intron in the vast majority of tRNA-Gly sequences examined (this pattern could be due to the inclusion of the terminal CCA in a duplicated hairpin, as has been proposed by several authors).
Our octopamine values were also lower than those of whole head samples (260 ± 61 pg/head), but this could be due to the inclusion of Type II terminals in head samples, which are octopaminergic terminals to muscles that occur outside the brain.
This potent fusogenicity highlights the importance of the full ectodomain in fusion, with inclusion of the N-terminal FP, hairpin region, and C-terminal MPER.
The application of "M–I pair mutagenesis" and inclusion of a C-terminal arginine residue are then sufficient to solve this problem and convert one lead peptide into a functional complementary peptide mini-receptor inhibitor of IL-18.
Rep5-based chimeras were unable to replicate ITR2s without the inclusion of the N-terminal 149 aa of Rep2.
Rep2-based chimeras were unable to replicate ITR5s without the inclusion of the N-terminal 146 aa of Rep5 (Rep52aa146, Fig. 5D).
Inclusion of the N-terminal insertion sequence increases the probability that S-MB is "amyloid-like" (i.e., highly β-sheet) to ∼97% from the ∼90% value determined above for MB [62].
Thus, changes in the C. armatus enzyme in comparison to the G. morhua LDH-b make it more stable to pressure, yet the inclusion of the C-terminal region of the G. morhua enzyme on the C. armatus framework, generating the AM hybrid, makes it even more resistant to high pressure.
