Second, the inclusion of clustering into analytical models is prone to assumptions and approximations.
Therefore, by assessing Δ after a certain subset of clusters has been selected, we can measure whether the incorporation of additional clusters is not adding information through the inclusion of clusters highly correlated with existing ones, or whether the additional clusters are making the deviation from the baseline more evident.
Methods/Assessment of Risk of bias: - due to the inclusion of cluster-randomised trials in the review, we have added several recommended 'Risk of bias' domains, including recruitment bias and analysis bias Methods/Measures of treatment effect/Dichotomous data - we have presented these results as summary odds ratios not summary risk ratios as stated in our protocol.
Clusters whose average genetic distance exceeded 0.015 were individually checked to evaluate whether the higher divergence of the sequences could be due to transmission events spanning several years and to avoid the inclusion of clusters of rare non-B subtypes.
A drawback is that this might have caused an underestimation of the number of transmission clusters but it prevents the inclusion of clusters with a low chance of being attributable to local transmission events.
We selected genes to represent the gene clusters whose expression was most strongly associated with lung cancer and determined that inclusion of clusters 1, 2, 4, 7, 9 and 10 gave the best AUC.
Furthermore, it would not be possible to estimate the present components of environmental and genetic influence on postpartum haemorrhage without the inclusion of clusters within individuals (producing the requirement of at least two births).
Particularly if cluster effects are relatively strong (ICC larger than 5%), prediction modeling with inclusion of the cluster effect in the model will result in better performance than models not including cluster specific effects.
Criteria for inclusion of a cluster investigation into the systematic review were (i) the reporting of a perceived geographic or community cancer cluster; (ii) a state or federal investigation that yielded a written publicly available report, a summary of an investigation, or a journal article and (iii) an investigation occurring between January 1990 and September 2011.
The inclusion of metal cluster (Ni, Ti and Mo) in the film strongly modifies the valence band spectra.
