The combinatorial tissue-specific inclusion of alternative C-terminal exons 12, 13, 13a and 13b can activate alternative stop codons within exons 13a, 13b or 14 and create protein isoforms with short, medium and long reading frames (39, 41).
The use of water-efficient appliances and inclusion of alternative water sources in urban residential developments is becoming increasingly necessary to meet the growing demands on conventional urban water supplies.
The mutation results in a shift from constitutive inclusion to alternative splicing of exon 20 (Figure 1A).
Low Pol II elongation rates would favor the inclusion of alternative exons, whereas a high elongation rate would favor exclusion of these exons [34] [36].
The model also permits the inclusion of alternative food items, such as game meat, and allows dietary Pb bioavailability to be modified.
Because NaB treatment leads to exclusion as well as inclusion of alternative exons we speculate that HDAC inhibition reduces the interaction of splicing enhancers (in the case of exon exclusion) or silencers (in the case of exon inclusion).
For example, inclusion of alternative exons in Itgb1 and Mef2A transcripts is significantly reduced in the hearts of both MHC-CELFΔ lines [22], but remains unaffected in Myo-CELFΔ-370 pectoral muscles (Table 1).
For example, one involving inclusion of alternative exon 5a, which introduces a 120 nucleotide coding Alu-repeat sequence in frame, and another where self-editing of the ADAR2 pre-mRNA creates a 3'-prime splice site within intron 1 leading to the inclusion of 47 nt of intronic sequence [13], [15], [16], [20].
These distinct transcripts represent 26,021 non-redundant gene annotations, of which 14,513 (55%) do not match the annotated genomic coordinates found in the original tables, and represent novel annotations resulting from either inclusion of alternative exon sequence or extension of 5' or 3' UTRs.
These would be the most relevant for inclusion in alternative methods, for example GC MS MS or LC MS MS.
