Ever since Charles de Gaulle commissioned a report published in 1959 on how to "remove the obstacles to economic expansion", successive governments of left and right have ordered studies that recommend deregulation, including of professions such as pharmacies and notaries, only to ignore them.
The original group was mostly security analysts but now it includes many professions, such as bankers, stockbrokers, economists, and traders.
These jobs include old professions such as law and medicine, while there is also demand for pilots as we travel around the world more and more.
This phenomenon has been addressed by Schön [ 22], who reflects on the "artistry" of practice versus research in reflective-responsive professions, including similar health professions such as nursing and physiotherapy [ 22- 24].
Labour market laws must be overhauled, consumer markets including energy deregulated, and restricted professions such as notaries, actuaries and bailiffs opened up.
Following a devastating public-sector strike, resulting in the loss of nearly 13m work days, the government agreed two years ago to replace the public sector's single salary structure with different wage scales for different jobs, including big pay rises for professions such as teachers, doctors and nurses.
Most architectural firms include services for other design professions, such as structural design, mechanical-electrical-plumbing, and civil engineering, which might include in-house staff or subcontracted work.
They include the deregulation of "restricted professions", such as pharmacists and taxi drivers, and the abolition of a law banning hypermarkets from selling at below cost.
According to a 2013 Oxford study, 47 per cent of jobs, including those in traditional white-collar professions such as accountancy and legal work, are at serious risk of automation within the next 20 years.
By comparison, among the general population, including persons in other highly stressful professions such as physicians and pilots, the estimated rate of chemical abuse is at a much lower eight to ten percent".
