Correspondingly, the economic literature includes operationalizations of a crowding out effect as the difference in behavior between an incentivized and a control group while the incentive is in place (Frey, 1997; Frey & Jegen, 2001).
Future research should include the operationalization and application of this tool to specific sites.
Future efforts on the AzAA portal will include the operationalization of a larger testbed for investigation with the system.
These include inconsistent operationalization of terms across studies, lack of combinatorial rules showing the relationship between constructs, and failure to use validated measures to capture the various dimensions of the HBM (Weinstein 1993; Carpenter 2010; Janz & Becker 1984).
The challenges of implementing the ICF [ 1] in various fields such as medicine, rehabilitation, long-term care, or social care include the operationalization and quantification of the ICF categories [ 2].
Despite the various efforts aiming at ensuring that communities participate in deciding about their affairs including health issues, operationalization of such efforts is poorly done.
As only a few studies examining social capital and mortality have included a comprehensive operationalization of social capital [ 9], this paper has concentrated on the analysis of four specific aspects of social capital.
One of the important prerequisites to achieving these outcomes is decentralized health planning to include conceptualization and operationalization of health programmes at local levels, as well as decentralized governance of systems of planning and delivery, at least at the level of the district.
Another source of confounding is that both the OSA and insomnia operationalizations included the same item assessing reduced daytime functioning (daytime/sleepiness). Second, the measure of sleep duration did not include reports of wake time after sleep onset (WASO).
Other operationalizations include the cumulative number of keystrokes or mouse clicks, variation in computers use between days or weeks, and distribution of usage periods (i.e. number of breaks taken within a certain time period).
