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Human observational studies, including cross sectional, cohort or population-based studies that used quantitative methodology.
7 Evidence about the determinants of obesity in children is sparse, largely because studies investigating the influence of obesogenic behaviours (such as low physical activity) have been limited by methodological problems including cross sectional designs, lack of power, and imprecise measurements of activity and adiposity.
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Study selection We included cross sectional, cohort, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies with English abstracts.
This report includes cross sectional data from 25 communities participating between September 2008 and December 2012.
We included cross sectional and longitudinal project-control comparisons and randomised field trials.
Methods to examine harms and treatment burden will likely include cross sectional, retrospective, prospective cohort, and qualitative studies.
All epidemiological study designs on individual subjects were included (cross sectional studies, case control, cohort and randomised control trials (results from control arm)).
9 This review included cross sectional studies examining the association of haemoglobin measured at delivery with pregnancy outcomes, together with other observational designs.
The HSA program yielded several hip geometric indices including cross-sectional area, cross-sectional moment of inertia, section modulus, cortical thickness and subperiosteal diameter for each of three ROIs.
The model also considers the effects of key parameters including cross-sectional size, aspect ratio, effective rupture strain of the CFRP, and internal longitudinal and hoop steel reinforcement.
On the Lower Missouri, long-term records of river gaging measurements, including cross-sectional area, flow velocity, and channel width, have been collected for the past ∼70 years.
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