It can, hence, respect important biological details and contingencies, but also include probabilities for the occurrence of reactions.
Most tools included probabilities for treatment options (25 out of 26), specified the reference group (25 out of 26) and presented outcomes using frequencies (19 out of 26).
These include probability density functions for transmitted acoustic power and attenuation, expected (mean) attenuation, and standard deviation from the mean.
This region occupies the smallest possible volume in the variable space among all regions with the same included probability, which is advantageous for engineering design.
Halpern begins by surveying possible formal systems for representing uncertainty, including probability measures, possibility measures, and plausibility measures.
Other examples of such benefits from between-trial consistency for visual attention include probability cueing of location [19], [20], where target detection is faster at locations where a target is more likely to appear than in other locations, perceptual learning [21], [22] contextual cueing [23] and statistical learning [24].
For all models, independent variables included probability, reward, expected value (reward magnitude X probability), trait anhedonia (Chapman) and gender.
Each data set included probabilities (prob) for being below specific percentiles (perc).
When including probabilities only for drug-related hospitalisations, we avoided hospitalisations due to differences in patient characteristics and comorbidities between the study arms.
The remaining 74.3%, including the probability for binding to the same position (4.3% = 0.3×14.6%), is the probability of nonsuccessive strokes.
