Individuals are assumed to reproduce asexually, which involves two separate processes: (1) selecting individuals for reproduction based on their fitness and (2) creating offspring, which includes mutation of evolving parameters U (update factor) and T (giving-up threshold).
Affected genomic regions were highly heterogeneous and included mutations of single genes.
A specific genetic etiology can be identified in ∼21% of cases3, including mutations of TWIST1, which encodes a class II basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, and causes Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, typically associated with coronal synostosis4,5,6.
pTE18 contained a synthesized fragment that included mutations of the twelve sites at T386, S416, S441, S447, S460, T462, S519, S520, S521, S522, S525, and S545 to alanines and was used to make shs1-ps3.
10, 11 Other mutations described in MPN patients include mutations of the CBL and ASXL1 genes.
The others identified included mutations of KRAS (n=3), NRAS (n=3), PIK3CA (n=2) and MET (n=1).
These interacting residues include mutations of V32I, I54M, V82I, and I84V from the selected P51 isolate and the D25N mutation.
During disease progression, genetic lesions accumulate, including mutations of NRAS and KRAS, overexpression of cMYC and downregulation of P53.
We computed single mutant scores by averaging across all scores of double mutants that included mutations of the corresponding genes.
