includes including

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "includes including" is not standard in written English and may cause confusion.
It could be used in a context where you want to emphasize that something is part of a larger group or list, but it is generally redundant. Example: "The report includes including the latest statistics on sales performance."

⚠ May contain grammatical issues

Science

News & Media

Formal & Business

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

3 human-written examples

The limitation of the current study includes including missing some follow-up data, short survival time in a number of patients.

BMC Cancer

Another factor that influences the price is the amount of labor, including includes fabrication and installation.

The New York Times

Former child soldiers are also provided with a basic kit of supplies, including includes bedding, soap and civilian clothing.

Unicef

Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources

Similar Expressions

55 human-written examples

The Democratic slate includes includes Jeanette D. Wynn, president of the Florida council of the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees.

The New York Times

The University of Bristol's election archive is inviting people to send in election leaflets for its collection, which includes includes election addresses for every British election since 1892.

The Guardian

Rosenberg's resume includes includes chief technology strategist at Skype.

TechCrunch

The company's board of directors notably includes includes Rob Burgess, former CEO of Macromedia, and Ian Giffen, Chairman of The Descartes Systems Group.

TechCrunch

Trump won the swing district, which includes includes Lexington, by 15 points in 2016.

Vice

This includes includes a special tribute by the Brubeck Brothers Quartet to their father, jazz great Dave Brubeck, who died in December.

Huffington Post

However, normal meal ingestion does not involve carbohydrate alone but also includes includes fat and protein.

Cardiovascular Diabetology

There are contemporary artists as well, including including Tracey Moffatt, Luis Gonzalez Palma, Andres Serrano, Sandy Skoglund, Sally Mann and Nan Goldin.

The New York Times - Arts

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

Avoid using the redundant phrase "includes including". Instead, choose a single, clear verb like "includes", "comprises", or "consists of" for better clarity and conciseness.

Common error

Don't add unnecessary words. Saying "includes including" is like saying the same thing twice. It's better to use just "includes" or find a different word that means the same thing but sounds better.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "includes including" functions as a verb phrase, but it's considered grammatically incorrect and redundant. As Ludwig AI points out, the repetition of "includes" is unnecessary.

Expression frequency: Rare

Frequent in

News & Media

34%

Science

33%

Formal & Business

33%

Less common in

Wiki

0%

Encyclopedias

0%

Reference

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, the phrase "includes including" is generally regarded as redundant and grammatically incorrect. While it may appear in some sources, Ludwig AI confirms that it is best to avoid this construction in favor of more concise and grammatically sound alternatives such as "includes", "comprises", or "consists of". When aiming for clarity and precision in writing, eliminating such redundancies enhances the overall quality and credibility of the text. Remember that effective communication prioritizes conciseness and accuracy, and choosing stronger, less repetitive language will improve the clarity and impact of your message.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

includes

Removes the repetition, making the phrase grammatically correct.

comprises

Offers a more formal synonym for "includes", indicating what something is made up of.

consists of

Similar to "comprises", but slightly less formal.

is composed of

Similar to "consists of", emphasizing the components that make up something.

incorporates

Suggests that something is integrated or combined within a larger whole.

encompasses

Implies a wider scope of inclusion, covering all aspects or elements.

features

Highlights key elements or aspects that are present.

lists

Indicates a presentation of items or components.

details

Introduces specific information or elements.

covers

Suggests the range or scope of something.

FAQs

What's wrong with using "includes including"?

The phrase "includes including" is redundant. The word "includes" already implies the act of including, so repeating it is unnecessary and grammatically awkward. Using just "includes" is clearer and more concise.

What can I say instead of "includes including"?

You can use alternatives like "includes", "comprises", or "consists of" depending on the context.

Is there a situation where "includes including" is correct?

No, the phrase "includes including" is generally considered incorrect and redundant in standard English. There are no common or accepted situations where it would be grammatically appropriate.

How can I make my writing more concise when describing what something contains?

Focus on using strong verbs that clearly convey the meaning of inclusion or composition. Instead of saying "The report includes including the data", try "The report "incorporates" the data" or "The report "details" the data".