These changes include attenuation in activation in the prefrontal cortex and increased activation in primary and secondary motor regions, the cerebellum and posterior parietal cortex.
The cardioprotective effect of NO in ischemia/reperfusion includes attenuation of the coronary no-reflow phenomenon and prevention of coronary vascular leak and tissue edema.
For example, including attenuation modelling in the back-projector often has only a small effect on the reconstruction results, while it is generally beneficial to model the spatial resolution in the back-projector [41, 42].
Further study is needed to determine if including attenuation correction in the reconstruction would improve the volume estimates as well as produce more faithful perfusion representation especially for gated IQ-SPECT.
On the other hand, we have previously reported the vascular-protective effects of exendin-4, a GLP-1R agonist, including attenuation of atheroma formation in apoE-deficient mice via inhibition of NFκB activation in macrophages [ 17], and reduction of neointima formation after vascular injury via 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase activation in VSMCs [ 18].
These properties include attenuation of inflammatory responses in the lung, mucoregulatory properties, and effects on bronchial responsiveness.
The analytical filtered backprojection (FBP) algorithm is directly derived from the inverse Radon transform but fails to include attenuation and scatter corrections in the reconstruction process.
Several strategies to produce live attenuated tetravalent vaccines are being pursued including attenuation of viruses by conventional passage in tissue culture or introduction of defined attenuating mutations into recombinant DEN viruses [ 6- 9].
These effects seem to be due in part to the anti-inflammatory effects of hypercapnia, including attenuation of neutrophil function, reduction in free radicals, decreased oxidant-induced tissue damage, and reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF -α, inTNF -αkinterleukinnd IL -1[ 20].
Functions of NO in muscle include: attenuation of muscle force generation and regulation of appropriate blood and oxygen delivery to active muscles during exercise [1], [3] [7].
