Whilst ketamine was originally described as a NMDA receptor antagonist, this is a gross oversimplification of its binding promiscuity, which includes activity against β-adrenergic, sigma, and muscarinic receptors [ 15].
Ethanol is known to have a strong bactericidal activity with log10 reductions > 5 which has been demonstrated against some of the most common nosocomial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [ 7, 19- 22] and which includes activity against various mycobacteria [ 23- 25].
(These numbers include activity against the fur and farming industries, not just against researchers).
Compounds were discovered with broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli.
This study has led to the discovery of novel inhibitors whose profiles include activity against TACE in an enzyme assay, potency in the suppression of LPS-stimulated TNF-α in human whole blood, selectivity against a panel of MMPs and oral bioavailability.
Enterococcus faecium N15 was isolated from nuka (Japanese rice-bran paste), which is utilized as starter in the fermenting of vegetables, and was found to produce a bacteriocin that exhibited a broad spectrum of activity, including activity against Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus circulans JCM2504.
Dinitrobenzamide derivatives (DNB), originally identified in a high-throughput, fluorescence microscopy-based screen of a library of small molecules, showed potent anti-mycobacterial efficacy including activity against extensively drug resistant (XDR) M. tuberculosis strains, and little significant host cell toxicity [7].
Tigecycline has broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including activity against ESBL-producing strains.
rBPI 21 and rBPI 23 have bactericidal activity and exhibit synergy with conventional antibiotics, including activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Iclaprim appears to have similar Gram-negative activity to that of trimethoprim, including activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter, Citrobacter freundii, and Proteus vulgaris.
It is used as a food additive (E300) and its health beneficiary effects include activity against cancer, atherosclerosis and as an immunomodulator.
